Urological procedures are essential for diagnosing and treating a wide range of conditions affecting the urinary tract and male reproductive system. In Malaysia, urologists are equipped with the skills and technology to perform various procedures that help improve patients’ quality of life. Here are 14 common urological procedures performed by specialists in Malaysia.
1. Cystoscopy
Cystoscopy is a procedure used to examine the inside of the bladder and urethra. It involves the insertion of a cystoscope, a thin tube with a camera, into the urethra and bladder. Cystoscopy is commonly used to diagnose and treat conditions such as bladder tumors, urinary tract infections, and bladder stones.
2. Ureteroscopy
Ureteroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure used to diagnose and treat conditions affecting the ureters, such as kidney stones or tumors. A ureteroscope is inserted through the urethra and bladder into the ureter, allowing the urologist to visualize and treat the affected area.
3. Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP)
TURP is a surgical procedure used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a condition in which the prostate gland becomes enlarged and causes urinary problems. During TURP, the urologist removes part of the prostate gland using a resectoscope inserted through the urethra.
4. Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL)
ESWL is a non-invasive procedure used to treat kidney stones. It involves using shock waves to break up the stones into smaller pieces, which can then be passed through the urinary tract. ESWL is a popular treatment option due to its effectiveness and minimal recovery time.
5. Prostate Biopsy
A prostate biopsy is a procedure in which small samples of prostate tissue are removed and examined for signs of cancer. The biopsy is usually performed using a needle inserted through the rectum or perineum under urologist Malaysia guidance. It is the primary method for diagnosing prostate cancer.
6. Vasectomy
Vasectomy is a permanent form of male contraception that involves cutting and sealing the vas deferens, the tubes that carry sperm from the testicles to the urethra. The procedure is usually performed under local anesthesia and is highly effective in preventing pregnancy.
7. Vasectomy Reversal
Vasectomy reversal is a surgical procedure that restores fertility in men who have previously undergone a vasectomy. The procedure involves reconnecting the vas deferens to allow sperm to enter the semen again. Success rates vary depending on the time since the original vasectomy and other factors.
8. Urethral Dilation
Urethral dilation is a procedure used to treat urethral strictures, which are narrowings of the urethra that can cause difficulty urinating. The procedure involves gradually stretching the urethra using a series of dilators or a balloon catheter.
9. Nephrectomy
Nephrectomy is a surgical procedure to remove all or part of a kidney. It is performed to treat conditions such as kidney cancer, severe kidney damage, or non-functioning kidneys. Nephrectomy can be done using open surgery or minimally invasive techniques such as laparoscopy.
10. Bladder Sling Surgery
Bladder sling surgery is a procedure used to treat urinary incontinence, particularly in women. It involves placing a sling made of synthetic material or the patient’s tissue under the urethra to support it and prevent urine leakage. This surgery is often performed on an outpatient basis.
11. Circumcision
Circumcision is the surgical removal of the foreskin from the penis. It is commonly performed for religious, cultural, or medical reasons. In some cases, circumcision may be recommended to treat conditions such as phimosis (tight foreskin) or recurrent infections.
12. Urethroplasty
Urethroplasty is a surgical procedure to repair or reconstruct the urethra. It is typically performed to treat urethral strictures or injuries. Urethroplasty can involve removing the narrowed section of the urethra or using tissue grafts to rebuild the urethral passage.
13. Testicular Surgery
Testicular surgery includes procedures such as orchiectomy (removal of a testicle) and testicular biopsy. These surgeries are performed to treat conditions such as testicular cancer, undescended testicles, or infertility. Testicular surgery is usually performed under general anesthesia.
14. Robotic Prostatectomy
Robotic prostatectomy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to remove the prostate gland in cases of prostate cancer. The surgery is performed using a robotic system that allows the surgeon to operate with enhanced precision and control. This procedure is associated with shorter recovery times and fewer complications.
FAQs
1. How long does it take to recover from a cystoscopy?
Recovery from a cystoscopy is usually quick, with most patients able to resume normal activities within a day or two. Some patients may experience mild discomfort or blood in the urine for a short period after the procedure.
2. What are the risks associated with TURP?
Risks associated with TURP include bleeding, infection, urinary incontinence, and erectile dysfunction. However, TURP is generally considered safe, and most patients experience significant improvement in symptoms after the procedure.
3. How effective is ESWL for treating kidney stones?
ESWL is highly effective for treating small to medium-sized kidney stones, with success rates ranging from 70% to 90%. Larger stones may require additional treatments or alternative procedures.
4. What is the success rate of vasectomy reversal?
The success rate of vasectomy reversal varies, with patency rates (the return of sperm to the semen) ranging from 40% to 90%, and pregnancy rates ranging from 20% to 60%. Success depends on factors such as the time since the vasectomy and the age of the patient.
5. How is robotic prostatectomy different from traditional prostatectomy?
Robotic prostatectomy is a minimally invasive procedure that uses a robotic system to assist the surgeon. It offers benefits such as smaller incisions, less blood loss, and quicker recovery compared to traditional open prostatectomy.
Conclusion
Urological procedures play a vital role in diagnosing and treating a wide range of conditions affecting the urinary tract and male reproductive system. In Malaysia, urologists are equipped with the skills and technology to perform these procedures effectively, helping patients achieve better health outcomes. Whether you’re dealing with kidney stones, prostate issues, or urinary incontinence, consulting a urologist and understanding your treatment options is the first step toward improving your quality of life. Regular follow-ups and timely interventions can make a significant difference in managing urological conditions and ensuring long-term health.
